baseclass에 대한 super() 이해

Question

class Property: 
    def __init__(self, square_feet='', beds='', 
      baths='', **kwargs): 
     super().__init__(**kwargs) 
     self.square_feet = square_feet 
     self.num_bedrooms = beds 
     self.num_baths = baths 
    def display(self): 
     print("PROPERTY DETAILS") 
     print("================") 
     print("square footage: {}".format(self.square_feet)) 
     print("bedrooms: {}".format(self.num_bedrooms)) 
     print("bathrooms: {}".format(self.num_baths)) 
     print() 
    @staticmethod 
    def prompt_init(): 
     return dict(square_feet=input("Enter the square feet: "), 
      beds=input("Enter number of bedrooms: "), 
      baths=input("Enter number of baths:")) 


class Apartment(Property): 
    valid_laundries = ("coin", "ensuite", "none") 
    valid_balconies = ("yes", "no", "solarium") 
    def __init__(self, balcony='', laundry='', **kwargs): 
     super().__init__(**kwargs) 
     self.balcony = balcony 
     self.laundry = laundry 
    def display(self): 
     super().display() 
     print("APARTMENT DETAILS") 
     print("laundry: %s" % self.laundry) 
     print("has balcony: %s" % self.balcony) 
    @staticmethod 
    def prompt_init(): 
     parent_init = Property.prompt_init() 
     laundry = get_valid_input('What laundry facilities does ' 
     'the property have? ', Apartment.valid_laundries) 
     while laundry.lower() not in \ 
      Apartment.valid_laundries: 
      laundry = input("What laundry facilities does " 
       "the property have? ({})".format(
        ", ".join(Apartment.valid_laundries))) 
     balcony = '' 
     while balcony.lower() not in \ 
      Apartment.valid_balconies: 
      balcony = input(
       "Does the property have a balcony? " 
       "({})".format(
       ", ".join(Apartment.valid_balconies))) 
     parent_init.update({ 
      "laundry": laundry, 
      "balcony": balcony 
     }) 
     return parent_init 


class House(Property): 
    valid_garage = ("attached", "detached", "none") 
    valid_fenced = ("yes", "no") 
    def __init__(self, num_stories='', 
     garage='', fenced='', **kwargs): 
     super().__init__(**kwargs) 
     self.garage = garage 
     self.fenced = fenced 
     self.num_stories = num_stories 
    def display(self): 
     super().display() 
     print("HOUSE DETAILS") 
     print("# of stories: {}".format(self.num_stories)) 
     print("garage: {}".format(self.garage)) 
     print("fenced yard: {}".format(self.fenced)) 
    @staticmethod 
    def prompt_init(): 
     parent_init = Property.prompt_init() 
     fenced = get_valid_input("Is the yard fenced? ", 
       House.valid_fenced) 
     garage = get_valid_input("Is there a garage? ", 
       House.valid_garage) 
     num_stories = input("How many stories? ") 
     parent_init.update({ 
      "fenced": fenced, 
      "garage": garage, 
      "num_stories": num_stories 
     }) 
     return parent_init 


def get_valid_input(input_string, valid_options): 
    input_string += " ({}) ".format(", ".join(valid_options)) 
    response = input(input_string) 
    while response.lower() not in valid_options: 
     response = input(input_string) 
    return response 

class Purchase: 
    def __init__(self, price='', taxes='', **kwargs): 
     super().__init__(**kwargs) 
     self.price = price 
     self.taxes = taxes 
    def display(self): 
     super().display() 
     print("PURCHASE DETAILS") 
     print("selling price: {}".format(self.price)) 
     print("estimated taxes: {}".format(self.taxes)) 
     @staticmethod 
     def prompt_init(): 
      return dict(
       price=input("What is the selling price? "), 
       taxes=input("What are the estimated taxes? ")) 

class Rental: 
    def __init__(self, furnished='', utilities='', 
     rent='', **kwargs): 
     super().__init__(**kwargs) 
     self.furnished = furnished 
     self.rent = rent 
     self.utilities = utilities 
    def display(self): 
     super().display() 
     print("RENTAL DETAILS") 
     print("rent: {}".format(self.rent)) 
     print("estimated utilities: {}".format(
      self.utilities)) 
     print("furnished: {}".format(self.furnished)) 
    @staticmethod 
    def prompt_init(): 
     return dict(
      rent=input("What is the monthly rent? "), 
      utilities=input(
       "What are the estimated utilities? "), 
      furnished = get_valid_input(
       "Is the property furnished? ", 
        ("yes", "no"))) 
class HouseRental(Rental, House): 
    @staticmethod 
    def prompt_init(): 
     init = House.prompt_init() 
     init.update(Rental.prompt_init()) 
     return init 


init = HouseRental.prompt_init() 
print(init) 
house = HouseRental(**init) #I assume this holds the input from all the prompt_init, from class Property to class Rental. 
house.display() 

내 질문은 super 클래스가 부모 클래스가없는 클래스와 상호 작용하는 방법입니다. 마지막 줄에서 house.display()가 호출되고 HouseRental 클래스는 상위 클래스가없는 두 클래스를 상속합니다. house.display()가 호출되면 Rental.display()를 먼저 호출 한 다음 Rental.display()의 super() 호출이 오류를 발생시키지 않고 다음 상속 된 클래스 인 House.display()를 호출하면 House.display()의 super() 호출이 상위 클래스 인 Property를 가리 킵니다.

이런 식으로 super()가 작동하는 방법에 대한 요지는 있지만 기본 클래스의 super()가 오류를 발생시키는 대신 MRO의 다음 클래스를 가리키는 이유를 완전히 이해하지 못합니다 (당신이 관심이 있다면) "아니오 부모 클래스 가능"

여기 house.display의 출력은 다음과 같습니다 파이썬에서

{'square_feet': '1', 'beds': '2', 'baths': '3', 'fenced': 'no', 'garage': 'none', 'num_stories': '3', 'rent': '1', 'utilities': '4', 'furnished': 'no'} 
PROPERTY DETAILS 
================ 
square footage: 1 
bedrooms: 2 
bathrooms: 3 

HOUSE DETAILS 
# of stories: 3 
garage: none 
fenced yard: no 
RENTAL DETAILS 
rent: 1 
estimated utilities: 4 
furnished: no 

Answer 1

모든 클래스는 암시 적으로 Object 유형에서 상속 : Python class inherits object.

"수퍼 클래스가없는"클래스에서 super().__init__을 호출하면 Object의 생성자가 호출됩니다.