Windows에서 Linux 용 교차 컴파일 (링커 출력 파일이 Linux에서 실행 파일로 실행되지 않고 기호가 정의되지 않음)

Question

Windows에서 clang과 ld 버전을 사용하여 Linux ELF 파일에 대한 교차 컴파일을 설정하려고합니다. elf64를 지원하도록 컴파일되었습니다. clang 컴파일 부분은 괜찮습니다. 리눅스에서 링크 될 때 작동하는 ELF obj 파일을 출력합니다. 내 테스트 케이스 cpp는 printf 문을 포함하는 메인 코드이다.

Windows에서 링크를 시도하려면 우분투에서 모든 라이브러리를 복사하고 올바른 순서로 링커 인수로 필요한 라이브러리를 지정하십시오 (g ++에서 수행하는 ld 호출에 표시됨). 문제는 출력 파일이 linux에서 생성 된 파일과 약간 다르며 실행 파일로 실행되지 않는다는 것입니다. 예를 들어 윈도우에 링크 된 버전에는 리눅스 버전 대신 "puts"가되는 것처럼 보이는 정의되지 않은 심볼 "printf"가 있다는 것을 알았습니다.

아무튼 내가 무슨 일이 일어나고 있는지 아는 사람이 있는지 궁금합니다.

내 실제 연결 인수

는 다음과 같습니다

k@system:/shared$ nm ./Test 
0000000000601040 B __bss_start 
0000000000601040 b completed.6992 
0000000000601030 D __data_start 
0000000000601030 W data_start 
0000000000400470 t deregister_tm_clones 
00000000004004e0 t __do_global_dtors_aux 
0000000000600e18 t __do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry 
0000000000601038 D __dso_handle 
0000000000600e28 d _DYNAMIC 
0000000000601040 D _edata 
0000000000601048 B _end 
00000000004005e4 T _fini 
0000000000400500 t frame_dummy 
0000000000600e10 t __frame_dummy_init_array_entry 
0000000000400718 r __FRAME_END__ 
0000000000601000 d _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_ 
       w __gmon_start__ 
00000000004003e0 T _init 
0000000000600e18 t __init_array_end 
0000000000600e10 t __init_array_start 
00000000004005f0 R _IO_stdin_used 
       w _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable 
       w _ITM_registerTMCloneTable 
0000000000600e20 d __JCR_END__ 
0000000000600e20 d __JCR_LIST__ 
       w _Jv_RegisterClasses 
00000000004005e0 T __libc_csu_fini 
0000000000400550 T __libc_csu_init 
       U __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.2.5 
000000000040052d T main 
       U puts@@GLIBC_2.2.5 
00000000004004a0 t register_tm_clones 
0000000000400440 T _start 
0000000000601040 D __TMC_END__ 

윈도우에 연결 :

================================================== 
attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-2.17.so succeeded 
I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-2.17.so 
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crt1.o succeeded 
I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crt1.o 
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crti.o succeeded 
I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crti.o 
attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtbegin.o succeeded 
I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtbegin.o 
attempt to open Test.o succeeded 
Test.o 
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libstdc++.so.6.0.18 succeeded 
I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libstdc++.so.6.0.18 
attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libm-2.17.so succeeded 
I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libm-2.17.so 
attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\libgcc.a succeeded 
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc.so succeeded 
opened script file I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc.so 
attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 succeeded 
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 
attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a succeeded 
(I:/Linux/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a)elf-init.oS 
attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 succeeded 
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc_nonshared.a succeeded 
attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtend.o succeeded 
I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtend.o 
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crtn.o succeeded 
I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crtn.o 
ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 needed by I:/Linux/libs/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.17.so 
found ld-2.17.so at I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-2.17.so 

리눅스에

================================================== 
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o succeeded 
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o 
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o succeeded 
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o 
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtbegin.o succeeded 
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtbegin.o 
attempt to open Test.o succeeded 
Test.o 
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libstdc++.so succeeded 
-lstdc++ (/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libstdc++.so) 
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libm.so failed 
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libm.a failed 
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so succeeded 
-lm (/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so) 
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc_s.so succeeded 
-lgcc_s (/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc_s.so) 
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc.so failed 
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc.a succeeded 
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libc.so failed 
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libc.a failed 
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so succeeded 
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so 
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so 
attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 succeeded 
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 
attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a succeeded 
(/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a)elf-init.oS 
attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 succeeded 
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc_s.so succeeded 
-lgcc_s (/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc_s.so) 
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc.so failed 
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc.a succeeded 
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtend.o succeeded 
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtend.o 
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o succeeded 
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o 
ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 needed by /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 
found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 

나노 출력 :

LFLAGS = --build-id --eh-frame-hdr --oformat elf64-x86-64 -m elf_x86_64 --hash-style=gnu --as-needed -z relro --verbose 

LIBDIRS = -LI:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1 -LI:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu -LI:\\Linux\\libs\\lib -LI:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu -LI:\\Linux\\lib 

LIBS = I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\\ld-2.17.so I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crt1.o I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crti.o I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\crtbegin.o Test.o I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libstdc++.so.6.0.18 I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libgcc_s.so.1 I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\\libgcc.a I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libc.so.6 I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libc_nonshared.a I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\crtend.o I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crtn.o 

all: $(MAIN) 
    ./ld-new.exe $(LFLAGS) $(LIBDIRS) $(LIBS) -o Test 

$(MAIN): 
    clang $(CFLAGS) $(SYSINCLUDES) -o $(OBJS) -x c++ $(SRCS) 

리눅스에 연결 01 창 23,516,

nm의 출력은 실행 파일

k@system:/shared$ nm ./Test 
0000000000601040 B __bss_start 
0000000000601040 b completed.6992 
0000000000601030 D __data_start 
0000000000601030 W data_start 
0000000000400470 t deregister_tm_clones 
00000000004004e0 t __do_global_dtors_aux 
0000000000600e18 t __do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry 
0000000000601038 D __dso_handle 
0000000000600e28 d _DYNAMIC 
0000000000601040 D _edata 
0000000000601048 B _end 
00000000004005f4 T _fini 
0000000000400500 t frame_dummy 
0000000000600e10 t __frame_dummy_init_array_entry 
0000000000400728 r __FRAME_END__ 
0000000000601000 d _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_ 
       w __gmon_start__ 
00000000004003d8 T _init 
0000000000600e18 t __init_array_end 
0000000000600e10 t __init_array_start 
0000000000400600 R _IO_stdin_used 
       w _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable 
       w _ITM_registerTMCloneTable 
0000000000600e20 d __JCR_END__ 
0000000000600e20 d __JCR_LIST__ 
       w _Jv_RegisterClasses 
00000000004005f0 T __libc_csu_fini 
0000000000400560 T __libc_csu_init 
       U __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.2.5 
0000000000400530 T main 
       U printf@@GLIBC_2.2.5 
00000000004004a0 t register_tm_clones 
0000000000400440 T _start 
0000000000601040 D __TMC_END__ 
k@system:/shared$ ./Test 
bash: ./Test: No such file or directory 

편집 - 자세한 정보를 생성

으로 내가 우분투는 메시지를주는 말은 실행되지 않습니다 : 여기에

bash: ./Test: No such file or directory 

파일의 결과를/ldd

k@system:/shared$ file ./Test 
./Test: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.24, BuildID[sha1]=0xee999db5a0e77d05f50d8fd78a27fc3ac52584b1, not stripped 
k@system:/shared$ ldd ./Test 
    linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007ffff2bfe000) 
    libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f5e2b60c000) 
    /lib/ld64.so.1 => /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f5e2b9eb000) 

EDIT 2-

나는 리눅스에서 정확한 링크 과정을 복제하는 데 더 가까워지고있다. 창에

LFLAGS = --build-id --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 --hash-style=gnu --as-needed -dynamic-linker I:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\ld-2.17.so -z relro --verbose 

LIBDIRS = -LI:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1 -LI:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu -LI:\\Linux\\libs\\lib -LI:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu -LI:\\Linux\\lib 

LIBS_BEGIN = I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crt1.o I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crti.o I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\crtbegin.o 
LIBS_END = I:\\Linux\\lib\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\libstdc++.so I:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libgcc_s.so.1 I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\libgcc.a I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libc_nonshared.a I:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 I:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libc.so.6 I:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libgcc_s.so.1 I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\libgcc.a I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\crtend.o I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crtn.o 

all: $(MAIN) 
    ./ld-new.exe $(LFLAGS) -o Test $(LIBS_BEGIN) $(LIBDIRS) $(OBJS) $(LIBS_END) 

업데이트 연결 :

================================================== 
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crt1.o succeeded 
I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crt1.o 
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crti.o succeeded 
I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crti.o 
attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtbegin.o succeeded 
I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtbegin.o 
attempt to open Test.o succeeded 
Test.o 
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\libstdc++.so succeeded 
I:\Linux\lib\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\libstdc++.so 
attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libgcc_s.so.1 succeeded 
I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libgcc_s.so.1 
attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\libgcc.a succeeded 
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc_nonshared.a succeeded 
(I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc_nonshared.a)elf-init.oS 
attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 succeede 
d 
I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 
attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc.so.6 succeeded 
I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc.so.6 
attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libgcc_s.so.1 succeeded 
I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libgcc_s.so.1 
attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\libgcc.a succeeded 
attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtend.o succeeded 
I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtend.o 
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crtn.o succeeded 
I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crtn.o 
ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 needed by I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc.so.6 
found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-linux-x86-64 
.so.2 

파일에

업데이트 나노 실행 "테스트"파일에 LLVM-readobj의

0000000000601040 B __bss_start 
0000000000601040 b completed.6992 
0000000000601030 D __data_start 
0000000000601030 W data_start 
0000000000400490 t deregister_tm_clones 
0000000000400500 t __do_global_dtors_aux 
0000000000600e18 t __do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry 
0000000000601038 D __dso_handle 
0000000000600e28 d _DYNAMIC 
0000000000601040 D _edata 
0000000000601048 B _end 
0000000000400614 T _fini 
0000000000400520 t frame_dummy 
0000000000600e10 t __frame_dummy_init_array_entry 
0000000000400748 r __FRAME_END__ 
0000000000601000 d _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_ 
       w __gmon_start__ 
00000000004003f8 T _init 
0000000000600e18 t __init_array_end 
0000000000600e10 t __init_array_start 
0000000000400620 R _IO_stdin_used 
       w _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable 
       w _ITM_registerTMCloneTable 
0000000000600e20 d __JCR_END__ 
0000000000600e20 d __JCR_LIST__ 
       w _Jv_RegisterClasses 
0000000000400610 T __libc_csu_fini 
0000000000400580 T __libc_csu_init 
       U __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.2.5 
0000000000400550 T main 
       U printf@@GLIBC_2.2.5 
00000000004004c0 t register_tm_clones 
0000000000400460 T _start 
0000000000601040 D __TMC_END__ 

결과 :

I:\LLVM_BUILD\VC12\64\Release\bin>llvm-readobj -file-headers Test 

File: Test 
Format: ELF64-x86-64 
Arch: x86_64 
AddressSize: 64bit 
LoadName: 
ElfHeader { 
    Ident { 
    Magic: (7F 45 4C 46) 
    Class: 64-bit (0x2) 
    DataEncoding: LittleEndian (0x1) 
    FileVersion: 1 
    OS/ABI: SystemV (0x0) 
    ABIVersion: 0 
    Unused: (00 00 00 00 00 00 00) 
    } 
    Type: Executable (0x2) 
    Machine: EM_X86_64 (0x3E) 
    Version: 1 
    Entry: 0x400460 
    ProgramHeaderOffset: 0x40 
    SectionHeaderOffset: 0x11C0 
    Flags [ (0x0) 
    ] 
    HeaderSize: 64 
    ProgramHeaderEntrySize: 56 
    ProgramHeaderCount: 9 
    SectionHeaderEntrySize: 64 
    SectionHeaderCount: 30 
    StringTableSectionIndex: 27 

실제 연결된 육체가있는 실행 파일 파일 자체 :

https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/1735585/Test 

Answer 1

"해당 파일 또는 디렉토리 없음"오류는 파일이 존재하고 실행 가능하면 약간 혼란 스러울 수 있습니다. ELF 인터프리터 (공유 라이브러리 링크를 수행하는 프로그램)가없는 경우 파일 실행시에도 오류가 발생합니다.

여기가 발생합니다. readelf -l Test에서 관련 라인 :

INTERP   0x0000000000000238 0x0000000000400238 0x0000000000400238 
       0x000000000000002e 0x000000000000002e R  1 
    [Requesting program interpreter: I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-2.17.so] 

분명히 인터프리터는 리눅스 시스템에서 찾을 수 없습니다. 어떤 이유로 ldd은 해당 항목에 대한 올바른 인터프리터에 파일 매핑을 보여줍니다.

Windows 빌드 환경에서 문제를 해결하는 방법을 알려줄 수는 없지만 올바른 해석기를 사용하면 ldd은 매핑을 표시하지 않습니다. 예 :

$ ldd /bin/true 
    linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007fff1bbff000) 
    libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f94ff99f000) 
    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f94ffd73000)