파이썬 3 통합 오류

Question

import numpy as np 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
%matplotlib inline 
from scipy.integrate import quad 


lo = input("What is your lower bound") 
up = input("What is your upper bound") 

def f(x): 
    return equation 

i= int(quad(f(x), lo, up)) 

while True: 
    if i < 0: 
     print ("invalid") 
    elif i.isalpha: 
     print("invalid") 
    elif i == "": 
     print("invalid") 
    else: 
     print("invalid") 

print(i[0]) 

나는

lo = float(input("What is your lower bound")) 
up = float(input("What is your upper bound")) 

기본적으로

, input() 반환 문자열이 오류

TypeError         Traceback (most recent call last) 
<ipython-input-76-9a1a8ce0b385> in <module>() 
    11  return equation 
    12 
---> 13 i= int(quad(f(x), lo, up)) 
    14 
    15 while True: 

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py in quad(func, a, b, args, full_output, epsabs, epsrel, limit, points, weight, wvar, wopts, maxp1, limlst) 
    321  if (weight is None): 
    322   retval = _quad(func, a, b, args, full_output, epsabs, epsrel, limit, 
--> 323      points) 
    324  else: 
    325   retval = _quad_weight(func, a, b, args, full_output, epsabs, epsrel, 

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py in _quad(func, a, b, args, full_output, epsabs, epsrel, limit, points) 
    386  if points is None: 
    387   if infbounds == 0: 
--> 388    return _quadpack._qagse(func,a,b,args,full_output,epsabs,epsrel,limit) 
    389   else: 
    390    return _quadpack._qagie(func,bound,infbounds,args,full_output,epsabs,epsrel,limit) 

**TypeError: must be real number, not str** 

Answer 1

변경에게 입력을 겪고 있지만, quad() 숫자 타입 인 인수를 기대하고있다.